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| • | The Mechanism of Helium-Induced Preconditioning: A Direct Role for Nitric Oxide in Rabbits |
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BACKGROUND: Helium produces preconditioning against myocardial infarction by activating prosurvival signaling, but whether nitric oxide (NO) generated by endothelial NO synthase plays a role in this phenomenon is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that NO mediates helium-induced cardioprotection in vivo. METHODS: Rabbits (n = 62) instrumented for hemodynamic measurement were subjected to a 30-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and 3 h reperfusion, and received 0.9% saline (control) or three cycles of 70% helium–30% oxygen administered for 5 min interspersed with 5 min of an air–oxygen mixture before left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion in the absence or presence of pretreatment with the nonselective NOS inhibitor N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 mg/kg), the selective inducible NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG; 300 mg/kg), or selective neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI; 50 mg/kg). In additional rabbits, the fluorescent probe 4,5-diaminofluroscein diacetate (DAF-2DA) and confocal laser microscopy were used to detect NO production in the absence or presence of helium with or without L-NAME pretreatment. RESULTS: Helium reduced (P < 0.05) infarct size (24% ± 4% of the left ventricular area at risk; mean ± sd) compared with control (46% ± 3%). L-NAME, AG, and 7-NI did not alter myocardial infarct size when administered alone. L-NAME, but not 7-NI or AG, abolished helium-induced cardioprotection. Helium enhanced DAF-2DA fluorescence compared with control (26 ± 8 vs 15 ± 5 U, respectively). Pretreatment with L-NAME abolished these helium-induced increases in DAF-2DA fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that cardioprotection by helium is mediated by NO that is probably generated by endothelial NOS in vivo. |
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| • | Impact of Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode, Heterodera schachtii, on Some Physiological Aspects of Two Sugar Beet Cultivars, Nemakill and 7233, in the Rhizosphere Condition |
| The impact of beet cyst nematodes, Heterodera schachtii, on some physiological aspects including proline, potassium and sodium in two sugar beet cultivars, a susceptible 7233 and a resistance Nemakill was evaluated in the rhizosphere condition. In this study a bioassay was conducted with sugar beet seedlings in the presence of different populations of the beet cyst nematodes, 0, 10, 20 juveniles 1-1 g. soil as a biostressor in glass tubes (20x3 cm Ø) in growth chamber, totally 36 tubes. The tubes were placed in a growth chamber with 16-h artificial light, eight fluorescent 40 watts, at 25 and 21°C at darkness and moistened regularly with a half Hoagland`s nutrient solution. The proline, potassium and sodium changes of treated and untreated plants were measured 45 days after nematodes` inoculation. In this stage, the root of plant was freed from soil and debrises by a fine jet of water stream and the number of developed females of nematodes counted on the root surface and recorded. Results of this study revealed that the proline in leaves, sodium in leaves and roots as well as potassium in roots were increased but K+ decreased in leaves in both cultivars as the population of nematodes increased in the soil. Results of this study indicated that a few number of nematodes` females was developed on Nemakill`s roots in comparison with the other treated and untreated susceptible cultivar in the rhizosphere condition. | |
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| • | nanotechnology, nano technology, nanoscience, nanotech, molecular nanotechnology, nanomaterials |
| We define nanoscience as the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale; and nanotechnologies as the design, characterisation, production and application of structures. | |
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| • | Growth factor predicts poor outcome in breast cancer |
| The response to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) in breast cancer cells predicts an aggressive tumor that is less likely to respond to treatment, said researchers at Baylor College of Medicine in a report that appears in the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. The finding gives impetus to the movement to tailor cancer treatments to attributes of the various tumors. "Th... | |
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| • | meade.com - Meade Telescopes, Microscopes, Meade Instruments, Telescopes by Meade |
| astronomers, astronomy, astrophotography, binoculars, comets, constellations, coronado, digital camera binoculars, galaxies, mars the planet, mead, mead telescopes, meade, meade instruments, meade telescopes, microscopes, moons, optics, planets, redfield optics, simmons optics, solar systems, stars, telescopes, weaver optics | |
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| • | British Fossils by Peter Doyle |
British Fossils Trade Paperback, 64 pages | Shire | Science - Paleontology; Science - Geology | $12.95 | March 24, 2009 | 978-0-7478-0686-8 (0-7478-0686-1) |
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